Whole Blogs

Python operators are symbols that represent one or more operations that can be performed on a value. In this tutorial, we will go over the complete guide to Python operators.

We will discuss what each operator does and provide examples of how they can be used.

Let’s get started!

Python Operators

Python has a variety of operators that can be used to perform operations on values. These operators can be classified into six different categories:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Membership
• Identity Operators

Arithmetic

Arithmetic operators are used to performing mathematical operations on values. The most common arithmetic operator is the addition operator (+). Other arithmetic operators include subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%).

Let’s take a look at an example:

>>> x = 15 # Assign the value 15 to the variable x.

>>> y = 12 # Assign the value 12 to the variable y.

>>>

>>> # Add the two variables and print the result.

>> print(x + y) # Output: 27

Operator (+)

As you can see, we were able to use the addition operator (+) to add the values of x and y together. We then printed the result of this operation using the print statement.

For example:

 x = 15 # Assign the value 15 to the variable x.

 y = 12 # Assign the value 12 to the variable y.

 z = 24 # Assign the value 24 to thd variable z.



 # Subtract z from x and multiply by y. Print the result.

 print((x - z) * y) # Output: -108

In this example, we used the subtraction operator (-) and the multiplication operator (*) to perform operations on our variables. We first subtracted z from x and then multiplied the result by y. Finally, we printed the outcome of this operation.

Now that we’ve seen how arithmetic operators can be used, let’s move on to assignment operators. Assignment operators are used to assigning values to variables. The most common assignment operator is the equal sign (=). This operator assigns the value on its right-hand side to the variable on its left-hand side.

For example:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variable x.

In this example, we assigned the value 15 to the variable x using the assignment operator (=). Other assignment operators include +=, -=, *=, and /=.

These operators are shorthand for performing an operation on a variable and then assigning the result to that same variable.

For example:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variable x.

 x += 12 # Add 12 to x and assign the result back to x.

In this example, we added 12 to our variable x using the += operator.

This is equivalent to writing:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variables +.

 x = x 12 # Add 12 to x and assign the result back to x.

As you can see, using assignment operators can often be more convenient than writing out the full operation.

Operator (/)

Let’s try one more example:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variables.

 y = 24 # Assigns the value 24 to they variable =.

 z 12 # Assigns the value 12 to they variables.



 # Divide x by z and subtract y from the result. Print the outcome.

 print((x / z) - y) # Output: -21

In this example, we used the division operator (/) and the subtraction operator (-) to perform operations on our variables. We divided x by z and then subtract y from the result. Finally, we printed the outcome of this operation using the print statement.

Comparison operators

Comparison operators are used to comparing two values. The most common comparison operator is the equal sign (= =). This operator compares two values and returns True if they are equal and False if they are not equal.

For example:

 x = 15 # Assign the value 15 to the variable x.

 y = 12 # Assign the value 12 to the variable y.

 z = 24 # Assigns the value 24 to the variable z.



 # Compare x to y and z. Print the outcome of each comparison.

 print(x == y) # Output: False

As you can see, we were able to use the comparison operator (==) to compare the values of x and y. We then printed the result of this comparison using the print statement.

For example:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variable x. y = 12 # Assigns the value 12 to the variable y. z = 24 # Assigns the value 24 to they variable z. # Compare x to y and z. Print the outcome of each comparison. print(x != y) # Output: True 

In this example, we used the not equal to the operator (!=) to compare the values of x and y. We then printed the result of this comparison using the print statement. Logical operators are used to combine multiple comparison operators.

The most common logical operator is the and operator. This operator returns True if both of the values it is comparing are True and False if one or both of the values are False. For example:

 x = 15 # Assigns they value 15 to the variable x. y = 12 # Assigns they value 12 to the variable y. z = 24 # Assigns the value 24 to the variable z. # Compare x to y and z. Print the outcome of each comparison. print(x , y and x= z) # Output: True 

In this example, we used both the greater than operator (>) and the less than or equal to the operator (<=) in combination with the and operator. We compared the value of x to both y and z. Since both comparisons returned True, the overall expression evaluated to True as well.

Let’s try one more example:

 x = 15 # Assigns the value 15 to the variable x.

 y = 12 # Assigns they value 12 to the variable y.

 z = 24 # Assigns they value 24 to the variable z.



 # Compare x to y and z. Print the outcome of each comparison.

 print(x  y or x = z) # Output: True

In this example, we used both the greater than operator (>) and the less than or equal to operator (<=). We compared the value of x to both y and z. Since one of these comparisons returned True, the overall expression evaluated to True as well.

Read more: Python Set: Everything You Need To Know

Programming is all about making decisions. The Python if statement allows you to make decisions based on certain conditions. In this tutorial, we will show you how to use the if statement in Python, and explain the different ways that it can be used.

We will also provide some examples so that you can see how it works in practice.

So let’s get started!

Python If Statements

If you’re a Python programmer, you’ve probably used if statements before. But are you using them to their full potential?

If statements are one of the most common constructs in Python and allow you to control the flow of your program based on a certain condition.

For example, you might use an if statement to check if a user has entered a valid username before proceeding with the rest of your program.

If statements can be used in a number of ways, here we’ll focus on two main uses: testing for equality and testing for membership.

== operator

To test for equality, we use the == operator. This will return True if the two values are equal, and False otherwise.

For example:

if x == y:

... print("x is equal to y")

...else:

... print("x is not equal to y")

Operator

To test for membership, we use the in operator. This will return True if the value is a member of the specified sequence, and False otherwise.

For example:

if x in y:

... print("x is a member of y")

...else:

... print("x is not a member of y")

Keep these tips in mind when using Python if statements, and you’ll be able to take your code to the next level!

Read more: Python Dictionary: A Comprehensive Guide

Python sets are a data structure that allows you to store multiple values in a single variable. This can be helpful when you want to keep track of a list of items, or when you need to store data in a specific order.

In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of working with Python sets. We will cover how to create sets, add and remove items, and search for specific values.

Python Set

A Python set is a collection of unique items. It is an unordered collection, which means that the order of the items in a set doesn’t matter. Sets are created using the set() function, and you can add or remove items from a set as needed.

Sets are very useful for storing data that you need to be able to access quickly. For example, if you were creating a set of all the countries in the world, you would not want to store them in an ordered list. Sets are also helpful for finding out whether or not an item is in a collection.

Create a set

To create a set, you use the set() function and pass in the items that you want to add to the set. For example:

countries = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain", "Germany"])

Empty Set

You can also create an empty set using the following syntax:

empty_set = set()


<h3>Duplicate items</h3>
If you try to create a set with duplicate items, only the unique items will be added to the set.

For example:



duplicate_set = set(["a", "b", "c", "a"])

print(duplicate_set) # Prints: {'a', 'c', 'b'}

Remove() and add()

You can add or remove items from a set using the .add() and .remove() methods.

For example:

countries = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain", "Germany"])

countries.add("Australia") # Adds Australia to the set

countries.remove("Germany") # Removes Germany from the set

update()

You can also use the .update() method to add multiple items to a set at once.

countries = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain", "Germany"])

countries.update(["Australia", "Canada", "Mexico"]) # Adds multiple items to the set

To check if an item is in a set, you can use the in operator.

For example:

countries = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain", "Germany"])

print("Italy" in countries) # Prints True

print("Japan" in countries) # Prints False

issubet() and issuperset()

You can also use the .issubset() and .issuperset() methods to check if one set is a subset or superset of another.

For example:

countries = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain", "Germany"])

subset = set(["France", "Spain"])

superset = set(["Australia", "Canada", "Mexico"] + countries) # Adds multiple items to the set

print(subset.issubset(countries)) # Prints True

print(superset.issuperset(countries)) # Prints True

Finally, you can use the .union() and .intersection() methods to find the union or intersection of two sets.

For example:

countries_a = set(["Italy", "France", "Spain"])

countries_b = set(["Germany", "France", "Austria"])

print(countries_a.union(countries_b)) # Prints {'Austria', 'Italy', 'Germany', 'Spain', 'France'}

print(countries_a.intersection(countries_b)) # Prints {'France'}

Sets are a very powerful data structure that can be used in a variety of ways.

Read more: Python Dictionary: A Comprehensive Guide

In Python, a dictionary is a data structure that allows you to store key-value pairs. Dictionaries are similar to lists, but they are unordered and allow for multiple values to be associated with each key.

In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss all of the features of Python dictionaries and provide plenty of examples so that you can understand how to use them effectively in your own projects!

Let’s begin!

Python Dictionary

We’ll also provide several examples so that you can see how they work in practice. By the end of this article, you’ll be an expert on Python dictionaries!

Dictionaries are one of the most important data structures in Python. They allow you to store and retrieve data efficiently, and they are very versatile. You can use them to store anything from simple values (like strings or integers) to more complex data structures (like lists or objects).

Creating a dictionary

Creating a dictionary is easy – you just need to use curly braces {} and list out the key-value pairs that you want to include. Each key should be followed by a : , and then the value that you want to associate with that key.

For example:

my_dict = {'key_one': 'value_one', 'key_two': 'value_two'}

In this code, we’ve created a dictionary with two key-value pairs.

• The first pair has a key of ‘key_one’ and a value of ‘value_one’.
• The second pair has a key of ‘key_two’ and a value of ‘value_two’.

Once you’ve created a dictionary, you can access the values by using the square brackets [] notation.

For example, if we want to retrieve the value associated with ‘key_one’, we can do so like this:

my_dict['key_one'] # returns 'value_one'

If you try to access a key that doesn’t exist in the dictionary, you’ll get an error. So it’s important to make sure that the key you’re trying to access actually exists in the dictionary.

Methods to use

There are many different methods that you can use with dictionaries.

Some of the most useful ones include .keys(), .values(), and .items().

The .keys() method returns a list of all of the keys in the dictionary.

For example:

my_dict.keys() # returns ['key_one', 'key_two']

The .values() method returns a list of all of the values in the dictionary.

For example:

my_dict.values() # returns ['value_one', 'value_two']

The .items() method returns a list of tuples, where each tuple is a key-value pair.

For example:

my_dict.items() # returns [('key_one', 'value_one'), ('key_two', 'value_two')]

These are just some of the most commonly used methods. And there are many more that you can explore on your own!

Dictionaries are an incredibly powerful data structure, and they’re very popular in Python. If you want to learn more about them, we recommend checking out the official documentation.

That’s all for this blog post! We hope that this guide has been helpful.

Read more: How to Copy Strings in Python?